Studies on the economic impact of sea-level rise on ports and the methodologies used for its calculation: a systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29059/cienciauat.v19i2.1888Keywords:
climate change, sea-level rise, ports, cost methodology, PRISMAAbstract
Ports are essential for a country's economic growth because of their commercial activities and job creation. However, their geographic location makes them vulnerable to flooding, with a greater impact in recent years due to the melting of glacier ice sheets and rising ocean temperatures, which were the main effects associated with climate change that have contributed to sea-level rise (SLR). The objective of this work was to identify and characterize the methodologies employed, globally, to calculate the costs of SLR in ports with the aim of providing an overview of existing methodological approaches to address this important climate change effect. For the development of this work, the suggested list in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was followed, and a content analysis was also conducted. The costs estimated in the studies varied significantly, ranging from millions to billions of dollars, with the majority focusing on adaptation measures, followed by economic aspects, cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis. It is advisable to shift from isolated and specific strategies to a standardized global methodological approach that can address the potentially inevitable risk of flooding due to the effects of climate change. The operability of ports in the face of SLR will largely depend on accurately estimating the necessary investment to confront it, through standardized climate projections, evaluating the global cost involved, to ensure that investments in port infrastructure are effective.
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