Factors that intensify toxicological risk in communities exposed to arsenic in wáter

Abstract

Prolonged exposure to arsenic (As), through food and drinking water, increases the risk of cancer, diabetes and high blood pressure, among others diseases. Marginalized families, who replace commercial drinking water with well water or tap water, in areas contamina ted with As, present greater risks. The objective of this work was to identify the main toxicological risk factors due to exposure to arsenic contamination of water. An analytical and transversal study was carried out in two populations from the state of Guanajuato that live in an area where high levels of this metalloid have been detected. A survey was administered to 30 heads of households responsible for feeding their families. Food security was measured with the application of the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA). Findings indicate that 93 % of the families had access to non-potable tap water. In relation to food preparation, 26.7 % of the families used tap water, 13.3 % well water, and 43.3 % water delivered by tanker trucks. 70 % of the surveyed families showed some level of food insecurity. Another risk factor to consider was the educational level of house- hold heads. The identification of the main risk factors, including the absence of food safety, will allow the design of a validation scale, with which timely screening will be obtained to prevent possible arsenic poisoning in communities where subsoil water is contaminated.