Perfil de compuestos orgánicos volátiles y ácidos grasos del aguacate (Persea americana) y sus beneficios a la salud
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29059/cienciauat.v16i1.1483Palabras clave:
Persea americana, compuestos volátiles, ácidos grasos, bioactividadResumen
La caracterización y evaluación de recursos fitogenéticos a partir de su contenido de ácidos grasos y compuestos orgánicos volátiles (COV) permiten determinar su utilidad potencial. Se han realizado pocos estudios recientes relacionados con los COV encontrados en el aguacate, los cuales pueden variar dependiendo del lugar de origen, genética y fenotipos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue presentar el estado del arte de la fitoquímica del aguacate criollo comparado con variedades comerciales. Se encontró que los COV le confieren un perfil de aroma que identifica a diversas variedades y que los ácidos grasos son responsables de la síntesis de algunos COV. En la hoja de aguacate criollo se identificaron 26 COV, siendo 8 monoterpenoides, 7 sesquiterpenos, 6 fenilprondes, 1 acetato y 4 alcanos; estos COV no se han encontrado en las variedades comerciales. Por otro lado, la variedad Drymifolia se caracteriza por su contenido fenólico, diversos ácidos grasos y acetogeninas. Dichos componentes químicos también se han asociado con diversos beneficios a la salud, como actividad anticancerígena en colon, próstata y células K562, actividad antiinflamatoria y antioxidante. Ello ha propiciado el interés de fomentar su uso como ingrediente, aditivo o fitofármaco en la industria alimentaria o biotecnológica.
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