Uso de plantas medicinales como una alternativa para el tratamiento de la fasciolasis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29059/cienciauat.v19i1.1846Palabras clave:
Fasciola, plantas medicinales, extractos, metabolitos secundariosResumen
La fascioliasis es una enfermedad causada por gusanos planos, parásitos de la clase trematoda y género Fasciola, que afecta a animales y humanos. A pesar de su considerable impacto en la salud pública y el sector pecuario, así como a su frecuente reaparición, se encuentra entre las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas. Aunado a ello, el uso indiscriminado de fasciolicidas sintéticos en el ganado ha propiciado resistencia de este trematodo a los antihelmínticos disponibles en el mercado, por lo que es necesario contar con nuevas alternativas de tratamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los avances recientes a nivel mundial sobre las plantas medicinales con efecto sobre Fasciola, reportadas en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, SciFinder y Google Scholar, entre enero de 2019 y julio de 2023. Se encontraron reportes sobre el potencial fasciolicida de 32 plantas, 7 de ellas con actividad sobre huevos, 3 sobre los estadios larvales, 1 sobre juveniles y el resto sobre el estadio adulto del parásito. Dentro de los metabolitos secundarios responsables de la actividad farmacológica, se han identificado monoterpenos, alcaloides, ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (PUFA’s), artemisina y compuestos fenólicos; destacando la curcumina y la timoquinona. Los resultados encontrados ponen de manifiesto el potencial uso de las plantas como fuente de nuevos principios activos fasciolicidas.
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