Metabarcoding de DNA ambiental: un enfoque para el seguimiento de la biodiversidad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29059/cienciauat.v16i1.1509Palabras clave:
eDNA, biodiversidad, PCR, secuenciaciónResumen
El término ácido desoxirribonucleico ambiental o DNA ambiental (eDNA) se acuñó para definir al ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA) que se puede recuperar o detectar del ambiente (por ejemplo: suelo, aire o agua) sin necesidad de que el espécimen esté físicamente presente. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar y ejemplificar los usos, aplicaciones y potencial del eDNA. El estudio del eDNA es utilizado para la evaluación de especies, que va desde la reconstrucción histórica de sus comunidades, la restauración del ecosistema, hasta la salud humana, lo que lo convierte en una herramienta versátil e importante para el futuro en investigación, permitiendo estudios de conservación, taxonómicos o de reconstrucción filogenéticos. Para lograr esto, se usa el procedimiento de metabarcoding, el cual se basa en obtener DNA de cualquier origen (en este caso eDNA), en ausencia física o no del organismo, con apoyo de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), para finalmente, secuenciarlos y obtener códigos de barras. Los estudios de eDNA probablemente se constituirán como un enfoque esencial para diversas tareas científicas no solo en el seguimiento de la biodiversidad, sino en el análisis de la salud humana o la generación de códigos de barras de DNA.
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