Próximo(s)

Obesidad, desregulación estrogénica y riesgo de cáncer de mama en mujeres posmenopáusicas: revisión sistemática con síntesis narrativa crítica

Autores/as

  • Paulina Quezada-Rodríguez Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Facultad de Enfermería y Nutriología, Campus Universitario II, Circuito Universitario, Periférico de la Juventud, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, C. P. 31125. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8083-5127
  • Imelda Julissa Mendoza-Espino Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Facultad de Enfermería y Nutriología, Campus Universitario II, Circuito Universitario, Periférico de la Juventud, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, C. P. 31125. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2317-7581
  • Erika Yanet Portillo-Siqueiros Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Facultad de Enfermería y Nutriología, Campus Universitario II, Circuito Universitario, Periférico de la Juventud, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, C. P. 31125.
  • Blanca Gladiana Beltrán-Piña Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Facultad de Enfermería y Nutriología, Campus Universitario II, Circuito Universitario, Periférico de la Juventud, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, C. P. 31125. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9515-3437

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29059/cienciauat.v20i2.2083

Palabras clave:

cáncer de mama, Obesidad, estrógenos, posmenopausia, adiposidad central

Resumen

El cáncer de mama (CM) es la neoplasia maligna más frecuente en mujeres y representa aproximadamente una de cada cuatro neoplasias femeninas diagnosticadas anualmente a nivel mundial. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la evidencia científica sobre la relación entre la obesidad, desregulación estrogénica y el riesgo de cáncer de mama en mujeres posmenopáusicas. Se realizó una revisión sistemática con síntesis narrativa crítica (sin metaanálisis) basada en las directrices PRISMA 2020, con una búsqueda en tres bases de datos (Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library) y un asistente de investigación impulsado por inteligencia artificial (SciSpace). Se incluyeron estudios publicados en el periodo 2019 a 2025. La calidad metodológica y el riesgo de sesgo se evaluaron mediante las guías del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI); adicionalmente, se aplicó STROBE-MR para el estudio de aleatorización mendeliana y STREGA para el estudio de asociación genómica amplia (GWAS). La búsqueda bibliográfica arrojó 759 estudios, de los cuales se incluyeron 23, que aportan evidencia sobre la asociación entre obesidad y mayor riesgo de CM posmenopáusico (RR 1.18; IC 95 %: 1.13 a 1.24; P  0.001). El índice cintura-cadera resultó un predictor independiente del IMC (HR 1.15; IC 95 %: 1.00 a 1.32; P = 0.006). Estos hallazgos, de naturaleza observacional, indican que un abordaje metabólico-hormonal integral podría ser relevante para la prevención del CM, aunque se requieren estudios de intervención para confirmarlo.

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2026-08-14

Cómo citar

Quezada-Rodríguez, P., Mendoza-Espino, I. J., Portillo-Siqueiros, E. Y., & Beltrán-Piña, B. G. (2026). Obesidad, desregulación estrogénica y riesgo de cáncer de mama en mujeres posmenopáusicas: revisión sistemática con síntesis narrativa crítica. CienciaUAT, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.29059/cienciauat.v20i2.2083
Recibido 2026-01-05
Aceptado 2026-07-01
Publicado 2026-08-14

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