Cinética de la adsorción de fluoruro y arsénico usando nano-fibras de alúmina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29059/cienciauat.v14i1.1140Palabras clave:
nano-fibras, Langmuir, cinética, energía libreResumen
En muchos países del mundo, incluido México, la presencia de elementos tóxicos, como el arsénico y flúor por encima de los niveles máximos permitidos en el agua potable (0.01 mg/L y 1.5 mg/L), respectivamente está generando problemas a la salud, como el cáncer y la fluorosis esquelética, respectivamente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la cinética del proceso de adsorción del fluoruro y arsénico en soluciones sintéticas, utilizando gamma alúmina (γ-Al2O3) para establecer si el proceso se desarrolla espontáneamente. Se sintetizó γ-Al2O3 nano-fibrilar, con alta área superficial (352 m2/g), por precipitación homogénea, y se secó por espray. El nanomaterial adsorbente obtenido se usó para eliminar el fluoruro y el arsénico total de soluciones sintéticas. La morfología de la nano-fibra de γ-Al2O3 mesoporosa se analizó usando microscopía electrónica de transmisión y de barrido. El área superficial se determinó por adsorción-desorción a pH 7 de nitrógeno. Las isotermas de adsorción del proceso de remoción coincidieron con el modelo de Langmuir para ambos elementos. La γ-Al2O3 eliminó hasta 96 % de iones flúor y 92 % de arsénico total a pH 5, mientras que a pH 7 se alcanzó una remoción del 90 % y 94.2 % de fluoruro y arsénico, respectivamente. La cinética de remoción siguió el modelo de seudo-segundo orden, y el parámetro de equilibrio adimensional y la energía libre estándar de Gibbs confirmaron que el proceso se desarrolló espontáneamente. La gamma alúmina nano-fibrilar permitió la remoción natural y espontánea de arsénico y fluoruro presente en las soluciones utilizadas en este estudio.
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