La cabra: selección y hábitos de consumo de plantas nativas en agostadero árido
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29059/cienciauat.v15i2.1409Palabras clave:
conducta alimenticia, dieta, componentes nutricionales, consumo, metabolitos secundariosResumen
Las cabras habitan regiones áridas como resultado de su adaptación a condiciones extremas. La selección de la dieta es una de las estrategias conductuales que les han permitido evitar deficiencias nutricionales o intoxicaciones aun en condiciones de baja disponibilidad de alimento. Así mismo, el ramoneo, como conducta ingestiva de la especie, les permite seleccionar y obtener plantas con adecuados valores de proteína cruda que favorezcan su desarrollo y supervivencia. También, las cabras se adaptan a las características químicas de las plantas, las cuales desarrollan compuestos bioactivos para evitar ser consumidas. Estos metabolitos secundarios pueden tener efectos antinutricionales y tóxicos así como medicinales o curativos, dependiendo del consumo que tenga el animal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar la selección y hábitos de las cabras en el consumo de plantas nativas, para determinar cómo favorecen la supervivencia y productividad de la especie, bajo las condiciones de adversidad ambiental que caracterizan a las regiones áridas. Dicho conocimiento permitirá establecer estrategias para el manejo adecuado del agostadero y conocer el efecto que los compuestos del metabolismo secundario de las plantas puedan tener en los procesos reproductivos, nutricionales, sanitarios, así como en los productos derivados de la leche o carne de estos animales.
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